ethanedwards
July 29th, 2008, 07:13 PM
TORA! TORA! TORA!
DIRECTED BY RICHARD FLEISCHER/
KINJI FUKASAKU/ TOSHIO MASUDA (Japanese sequences)
PRODUCED BY DARRYL F. ZANUCK
20th.CENTURY FOX CORPORATION
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Information From IMDb
Plot Summary
The path to war in December 1941 is retold from the appointment of Isoroku Yamamoto to command the Imperial Japanese Navy on through the execution of his most ambitious and audacious plan - an attack by carrier aircraft on the US Navy station at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii. As the Japanese First Air Fleet sorties to Hawaii, diplomatic efforts by both nations continue, but intercepts of Japanese diplomatic messages show Japan is practicing deception and planning aggression - but there is no clue as to where Japan will strike.
Written by Michael Daly
Cast
Martin Balsam ... Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
Sô Yamamura ... Vice-Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto (as Soh Yamamura)
Joseph Cotten ... Henry L. Stimson, U.S. Secretary of War
Tatsuya Mihashi ... Commander Minoru Genda, Air Staff Officer, Japanese First Fleet
E.G. Marshall ... Colonel Rufus S. Bratton
James Whitmore ... Admiral William F. Halsey
Takahiro Tamura ... Lt. Commander Fuchida
Eijirô Tono ... Admiral Chuichi Nagumo (as Eijiro Tono)
Jason Robards ... Lt. General Walter C. Short, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Army Hawaii
Wesley Addy ... Lt. Commander Alvin D. Kramer
Shogo Shimada ... Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura
Frank Aletter ... Lt. Commander Thomas
Koreya Senda ... Prince Funimaro Konoye, Prime Minister of Japan
Leon Ames ... Frank Knox, U.S. Secretary of the Navy
Junya Usami ... Vice-Admiral Zengo Yoshida
Richard Anderson ... Captain John Earle
Kazuo Kitamura ... Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka
Keith Andes ... General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff U.S. Army
Edward Andrews ... Admiral Harold R. Stark - Chief of Naval Operations
Neville Brand ... Lieutenant Kaminsky
Leora Dana ... Mrs. Kramer
Susumu Fujita ... Adm. Tamon Yamaguchi
Bontarô Miyake ... Koshirou Oikawa (as Bontaro Miyake)
Ichiro Ryuzaki (as Ichiro Reuzaki)
Asao Uchida ... General Hideki Tojo, Japan Minister of War
George Macready ... Cordell Hull, U.S. Secretary of State
Norman Alden ... Major Truman H. Landon, U.S. Army Air Corps
Walter Brooke ... Captain Theodore Wilkinson
Rick Cooper ... Lieutenant George Welch
June Dayton ... Miss Ray Cave
Kazuko Ichikawa
Hank Jones ... Davey (student pilot in biplane)
Karl Lukas ... Captain on torpedoed ship
Ron Masak ... Lt. Laurence Ruff
Jeff Donnell ... Cornelia
Richard Erdman ... Colonel Edward F. French
Jerry Fogel ... Lt. Commander William Outerbridge
Elven Havard ... Doris Miller
Shunichi Nakamura ... Captain Kameto 'Gandhi' Kuroshima
Kan Nihonyanagi
Carl Reindel ... Lieutenant Kenneth Taylor
Edmon Ryan ... Rear Admiral Patrick N.L. Bellinger
Toshio Hosokawa (as Tosio Hosokawa)
Hisao Toake ... Saburo Kurusu, Japanese Ambassador to Germany
and many, many more...
Writing credits
Larry Forrester (screenplay) &
Hideo Oguni (screenplay) &
Ryuzo Kikushima (screenplay)
Gordon W. Prange (based on "Tora! Tora! Tora!")
Ladislas Farago (based on "The Broken Seal")
Akira Kurosawa (Japanese sequences) uncredited
Produced by
Keinosuke Kubo .... associate producer (Japanese episodes)
Otto Lang .... associate producer (Japanese episodes)
Masayuki Takagi .... associate producer (Japanese episodes)
Elmo Williams .... producer
Darryl F. Zanuck .... executive producer (uncredited)
Original Music
Jerry Goldsmith
Trivia
* The Japanese section of the film was originally to be directed by Akira Kurosawa.
* Actor Jason Robards was actually present at the bombing of Pearl Harbor on the 7th of December, 1941.
* When Japanese characters in the film refer to the date of the attack, they are actually saying "December 8," which is technically correct, as Japan is a day ahead of the U.S.; however, it is translated as "December 7" in the subtitles to avoid confusing U.S. audiences.
* The U.S. Navy's Office of Information was inundated with complaints from U.S. citizens when the military agreed to allow active U.S. servicepersons to participate in the recreation of the attack on Pearl Harbor, which some viewed as glorifying Japanese aggression and showing Americans as unprepared.
* The P-40 crashing in the flight line was an unplanned accident - it was a life-sized mockup powered by a gasoline engine turning the propeller and steered by using the wheel brakes, just like real airplanes, but was specifically designed not to fly. The aircraft shown was loaded with explosives which were to be detonated by radio control at a specific point down the runway. Stunt actors were strategically located and rehearsed in which way to run. However shortly after the plane began taxiing down the runway it did begin to lift off the ground and turn to the left. The left turn would have taken it into a group of other mockups which had also been wired with explosives, but weren't scheduled to be destroyed until later. The explosives in the first P-40 were detonated on the spot in order to keep it from destroying the other planes, so the explosion occurred in a location the stunt men weren't prepared for. When it looks like they were running for their lives, they really were. This special effect was filmed with multiple camera so that it could be reused in other shots in the film, as were all the major special effects.
* The 30+ "Japanese" airplanes flying in the movie are all converted American trainers. No genuine Japanese warbirds were to be found in flying condition at the time. Instead, several American planes had to be rebuilt at a cost of about $30,000 each. They were later sold at auction for $1,500 or so apiece, and most of them are still flying in private hands.
* The P-40's destroyed on the ground are full-scale mock-ups, some remote-controlled to taxi.
* In the movie's opening scenes, Admiral Yamamoto meets his officers aboard a battleship. The ship was a full scale replica, complete from bow to stern, and had even a mock-up floatplane on a catapult. It was built on a beach in Japan, next to the replica of the aircraft-carrier "Akagi." The Akagi set consisted of about two-thirds of the deck and the island area.
* The Japanese aircraft in the film were highly modified American AT-6 and BT-13 trainers. The fighters, "Zeros," were AT-6's, the divebombers, "Vals," were BT-13's, and the torpedo- and levelbombers, "Kates," consisted of AT-6 fronts and wings and BT-13 tails.
* One of the B-17's shown in the film has been fully restored and (as of 2000) is on display at the Yankee Air Force museum in Ypsilanti, MI.
* Many of the replica Japanese aircraft are owned by members of the Confederate Air Force, an organization that specializes in re-enactments and aircraft preservation. They are used every year in the annual CAF air show, where a re-enactment of the Pearl Harbor attack takes place. This has been going on since 1972.
* The "one wheel up" emergency landing by a B-17 was an unplanned accident during filming. The airplane was repaired and went back to forest-fire-bombing duty afterwards.
* Many of the replica Japanese planes were also used in the filming of Midway (1976), The Final Countdown (1980) and Pearl Harbor (2001).
* The USS Yorktown (CVS-10) was disguised as the Japanese carrier Kaga to film scenes of aircraft taking off and landing. It was fitted with a false bow to disguise the catapults. Although it appears as though steam is leaking from the bow, Japanese carriers actually used steam to indicate wind speed and direction over the bow. The steam trail was lined up with the painted white lines on the bow. It was unofficially named "USS Kaga" for the duration of filming. The USS Enterprise seen entering Pearl Harbor at the end of the movie is actually the USS Bon Homme Richard (CVA-31).
* This is believed to be the first major Hollywood production to be distributed on Fujicolor release prints.
* Although numerous active duty US Navy personnel appeared in the movie, they were only allowed by the Navy to work during their off-duty hours, and the production had to pay them as they would any other extras.
* The film was considered a flop when it was released in the United States, but was a huge success in Japan.
* Akira Kurosawa agreed to direct the Japanese part of the film only because he was told that David Lean was to direct the American part. This was a lie, David Lean was never part of the project. When Kurosawa found out about this, he tried to get himself fired from the production - and succeeded.
* Shogo Shimada and Hisao Toake, who played Ambassadors Nomura and Kurusu, were the only cast members to work with both the Japanese and American units. Shimada's English language dialog was looped by Paul Frees.
* Admiral Yamamoto most likely did not utter his famous quote about having "roused a sleeping giant and filled him with a terrible resolve" - it seems to be a post-war invention based on Yamamoto's actual beliefs on the likely outcome of war with the United States and his affinity for the US in general. By contrast, his warning earlier in the about attacking in the USA that begins with "If I am told to fight... I shall run wild for the first six months...” is largely accurate.
* The peak filmed and pointed out by the actors as the site for the new radar antenna, where they were having trouble securing access from local forestry officials, is nowhere near Opana Point. The peak is actually Puu Kanehoalani on Oahu's east coast. It is one of the narrowest and most inaccessible peaks on the island, even for daring mountain climbers.
* The manned radar antenna site depicted as "Opana Point" was actually Koko Head which is just above Oahu's famous Hanauma Bay. This is on the opposite side of the island from the real-life location. Today, it is home to many antennae including the FAA's CKH VORTAC.
* Since the U.S. military presently runs a restricted communications installation at the site, the memorial dedicated to the role of Opana Point in WWII is located down the road, between the hotel lobby and beach of the Turtle Bay Resort.
* The wounded sailor shown firing back at the strafing Japanese planes is based on Chief Ordnanceman John William Finn, stationed at Kaneohe Naval Air Station on 7 December 1941 who set up a .50 caliber machine gun mount and, despite being wounded several times, defiantly fired back at strafing Zero fighters during the second attack wave, hitting several of them and even shooting down one, the combat unit leader Lt. Fusata Iida. Finn was later awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for valor beyond the call of duty.
* Of all the time and money spent by Akira Kurosawa, less than one minute of the film he shot is in the final release version.
* The mockups of the American ships in Pearl Harbor were constructed upon ocean-going barges which were extremely expensive to rent, causing director Richard Fleischer to comment during production, "If the Japanese had attacked us with ocean-going barges, we couldn't afford to make this film!"
* Akira Kurosawa attempted to cast friends and business associates, including some high-level industrialists, in key roles in the film's Japanese segments as a quid-pro-quo for later funding of future films. Twentieth Century Fox was not amused by this, and finally, the breach became the cause for Kurosawa's dismissal from the project.
* The bandana or "hachimaki" Commander Mitsuo Fuchida wore on his flight to Honolulu translates to "Certain Victory". He flew in the lead Nakajima B5N2 bomber with Lt. Mitsuo Matazaki piloting and Norinobu Mizuki navigating.
* Average Shot Length = ~7.1 seconds. Median Shot Length = ~6.9 seconds.
* The civilian pilots hired to fly the Japanese aircraft were a bunch of characters. One, never identified, was taken by a line of stage direction in the script which read, "Watanabe smiles". After each successful shot with the aerial coordinator announced his satisfaction, this pilot would anonymously announce on his aircraft radio, "Watanabe smiles". During the filming of one shot, a civilian general aviation aircraft inadvertently flew into their formation, forcing them to perform emergency evasive maneuvers. The aerial coordinator performed an immediate inventory of flying aircraft, announced his relief that disaster had been avoided. This same unknown pilot this time announced, "Watanabe shits!"
* Contrary to popular belief, the title of this movie means neither 'Surprise! Surprise! Surprise!' nor 'Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!' in Japanese. The phrase actually comes from the first syllables of "Totsugeki" (meaning attack) and "Raigeki" (for "torpedo attack") yielding TO-RA, TO-RA, TO-RA, which incidentally has the same pronunciation as "tiger" repeated thrice.
* The ship used to portray the USS Ward (DD-139), an updated World War I "Flush Deck" destroyer, was the USS Finch (DER-328), a highly modified World War II Edsall class destroyer escort. The Finch bears no resemblance to the Ward.
* The original draft of the combined script contained 657 pages.
* Development of this production started in 1966.
* When a large scale production about the attack on Pearl Harbor was being suggested, it was discovered that Fox had already optioned a book about the subject, Ladislas Farago's "The Broken Seal" upon which much of the script would be based.
* Producer Elmo Williams' goal was to make this film as historically accurate as possible. To this end, after putting together an initial script, he sought out the services of the man regarded as the foremost authority on the attack on Pearl Harbor, Professor Gordon W. Prange. One of Dr. Prange's books, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" had been a huge bestseller in Japan had provided source material, and the title, for this film. Elmo Williams asked Dr. Prange to check the script scene by scene for accuracy. Dr. Prange made numerous corrections and suggestions.
* When Akira Kurosawa was fired from the production, the Japanese sequences were at least three weeks behind schedule. Elmo Williams solved the problem by hiring two Japanese directors, to head two production units, as replacements. Toshio Masuda would handle the dramatic scenes. He had directed approximately 25 features in only a decade. Kinji Fukasaku had experience directing large scale action scenes and scenes involving special effects.
* The African American mess attendant firing the machine gun on the West Virginia was First Class Doris 'Dorie' Miller. He was the first African American to win the Navy Cross, the third highest honor awarded by the US Navy at the time. Without any training he fired the unattended machine gun at the Japanese aircraft until it was out of ammunition. He was portrayed by Oscar-winner Cuba Gooding Jr. in the film Pearl Harbor (2001).
Goofs
* As the bombers fly towards Pearl Harbor they pass over the white cross at Scofield Barracks which was erected in memory of the people that were about to be killed in the raid.
* Many of the US Navy ships visible during the attack on Pearl Harbor were not commissioned until the 1950s and 1960s.
* The angle of the sun is incorrect for the time of day and year. This is especially noticeable on the Japanese strike aircraft flying over Oahu toward Pearl Harbor Naval Station itself.
* When Col. Bratton and Lt. Cmdr. Kramer walk into the Navy cryptography workroom, the Marine sentry at the door is wearing "modified blues" - a khaki shirt and tie with the USMC dress-blue uniform's red-striped blue trousers. The Marine Corps didn't adopt this uniform until after World War II.
* When the captain runs into the building to send the message "This is not a drill," a Pearl Harbor memorial can be seen in the background as he rushes past.
* In the opening scene of Washington D.C., the building on the left is the Museum of American History which was not built until around 1959.
* Early in the attack, one deck officer is shown wearing a "Caravelle" wristwatch with the imprint "Waterproof" on the dial face. Bulova's web site indicates that the Caravelle line of watches was introduced in 1962, some 21 years after the attack.
* When the Ward attacks the Japanese minisub near the entrance to Pearl harbor, the minisub's depth is inconsistent between shots. We see it alternately with its entire sail out of the water, then with just the periscope visible.
* When the Japanese planes are launching from their carrier on the morning of the attack, as the 3rd or 4th plane launches against the morning twilight, the head and camera of a cameraman can be seen silhouetted at the bottom of the screen.
* When Ambassador Nomura is speaking with Secretary Hull, Shogo Shimada's voice is dubbed by Paul Frees. However, when Hull invites Nomura to sit down, you can hear Shimada speak with his own voice and then the dubbing resumes.
* When the first B-17 is being chased by the Japanese fighter, only one wheel is down. In the next shot both wheels are down and in the shot where the plane finally lands only one wheel is down.
* When the Japanese aircraft are taking off from the carriers to bomb Pearl Harbor, several of the aircraft that would have carried a crew of two or three (representing Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and Aichi D3A dive bombers) are seen with a pilot and without the other crewmembers (gunner, radio operator, etc)
* The full-scale replica of USS Nevada seen throughout movie has too many 14-inch guns. USS Nevada and USS Oklahoma had 10 14-inch guns (2 3-gun turrets and 2 2-gun turrets, with one of each type turret fore and aft). The full-scale Nevada has 12 14-inch guns as found on later USS Arizona and USS Pennsylvania. The miniature models of Nevada and Oklahoma used in the Battleship Row sequences have the correct number and layout of 14-inch guns.
* When USS Ward commences attack on Japanese midget sub, sub is shown with piece of conning tower missing before Ward hits it with gunfire. As sub is diving after being hit, conning tower is intact.
* Incoming Japanese planes fly over a modern microwave tower on a ridge on Oahu.
* When the band is playing the "Star Spangled Banner" as the attack begins, the audio and video are out of sync at the end. Also, the band appears to have played the song twice.
* As Cordell Hull is getting word of the attack over the phone in his office, he's holding the receiver against his cheek, not his ear.
* The Japanese aircraft are shown with the national insignia having a white outline around the red "sun". The white outline was not used until 1943.
* In the shot of the B-17s being towed, the plane has the Cheyenne tail turret. This wasn't introduced until the G-model, which didn't enter service until 1943. At the time of the attack, the E-model was just beginning to enter service.
* The underwater shot of the minisub shows it being very closely trailed by a ship. The following establishing shot shows the minisub behind a ship, with a tow target behind the minisub.
* When Lt. General Walter C. Short visits the control tower, the officer meeting him as he enters has his hat on, salutes and call the tower to attention. This officer should not have had his cap on indoors and should not have saluted. Soldiers only salute indoors when reporting to a superior officer. Only armed soldiers are permitted to keep their caps on indoors.
* When the Ward fires it's number one mount, a gun control radar antenna mounted right above the gun can plainly be seen. Which is not surprising since the ship used for the Ward is a World War II destroyer escort which has no resemblance whatsoever to the USS Ward.
* In a scene where Yamamuro is discussing the attack of Pearl Harbor, the bars on his uniform were like the American commanders uniforms. Japanese Commanders wore round medals instead of bars.
* On the USS Ward, her commanding officer is wearing the gold oak leaf insignia of a lieutenant commander. Her actual commanding officer, W. W. Outerbridge, was only a lieutenant, one grade below what is shown, on the day of the attack. This was reinforced by captain Earle's comment that the skipper was "just a green kid."
* Two P-40 pilots who managed to get airborne are shown in dogfights. When their cockpits are shown in close-up, there is no plexiglass.
* When the U.S. Capitol is shown the morning of December 7, 1941 wooded braces were in place for reconstructing the columns of the entrance. This did not take place until 1969, about the time the movie was filmed.
* E.G. Marshall (Colonel Bratton) and many other officers and soldiers are wearing black neckties. During this time frame they should have been wearing khaki neckties. Keith Andes (General Marshall Chief of Staff of the Army) and many other officers and soldiers are wearing khaki neckties.
* The B-17's used in the movie are F and G models. The B-17D was the current model in 1941.
* When the American flag is being raised just before the attack, the bugler blows the correct call. However, anyone who raises flags in the military knows that the flag must reach the top of the pole before the bugler finishes. In this scene the flag reaches the top after the bugler has stopped, and the band has started the Stars Spangled Banner. Flags are raised very quickly and lowered slowly.
* Jeff Donnell was almost 50 when she portrayed "Cornelia," the civilian flight instructor who was conducting a lesson when her plane was surrounded by the first wave of Japanese bombers. The real Cornelia Fort was only 22 on that fateful morning.
* The P40s being destroyed clearly show tubular steel framework construction. Actual aircraft had stressed skin construction.
Filming Locations
20th Century Fox Studios - 10201 Pico Blvd., Century City, Los Angeles, California, USA
(studio)
Ashiya, Japan
Honolulu, O'ahu, Hawaii, USA
Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan
Kyushu, Japan
Malibu Creek State Park - 1925 Las Virgenes Road, Calabasas, California, USA
Osaka, Japan
Pearl Harbor, O`ahu, Hawaii, USA
San Diego, California, USA
Shochiku Studios, Kyoto, Japan
(studio)
Toei-Kyoto Studios, Kyoto, Japan
(studio)
Tokyo, Japan
Washington, District of Columbia, USA
DIRECTED BY RICHARD FLEISCHER/
KINJI FUKASAKU/ TOSHIO MASUDA (Japanese sequences)
PRODUCED BY DARRYL F. ZANUCK
20th.CENTURY FOX CORPORATION
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Information From IMDb
Plot Summary
The path to war in December 1941 is retold from the appointment of Isoroku Yamamoto to command the Imperial Japanese Navy on through the execution of his most ambitious and audacious plan - an attack by carrier aircraft on the US Navy station at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii. As the Japanese First Air Fleet sorties to Hawaii, diplomatic efforts by both nations continue, but intercepts of Japanese diplomatic messages show Japan is practicing deception and planning aggression - but there is no clue as to where Japan will strike.
Written by Michael Daly
Cast
Martin Balsam ... Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
Sô Yamamura ... Vice-Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto (as Soh Yamamura)
Joseph Cotten ... Henry L. Stimson, U.S. Secretary of War
Tatsuya Mihashi ... Commander Minoru Genda, Air Staff Officer, Japanese First Fleet
E.G. Marshall ... Colonel Rufus S. Bratton
James Whitmore ... Admiral William F. Halsey
Takahiro Tamura ... Lt. Commander Fuchida
Eijirô Tono ... Admiral Chuichi Nagumo (as Eijiro Tono)
Jason Robards ... Lt. General Walter C. Short, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Army Hawaii
Wesley Addy ... Lt. Commander Alvin D. Kramer
Shogo Shimada ... Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura
Frank Aletter ... Lt. Commander Thomas
Koreya Senda ... Prince Funimaro Konoye, Prime Minister of Japan
Leon Ames ... Frank Knox, U.S. Secretary of the Navy
Junya Usami ... Vice-Admiral Zengo Yoshida
Richard Anderson ... Captain John Earle
Kazuo Kitamura ... Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka
Keith Andes ... General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff U.S. Army
Edward Andrews ... Admiral Harold R. Stark - Chief of Naval Operations
Neville Brand ... Lieutenant Kaminsky
Leora Dana ... Mrs. Kramer
Susumu Fujita ... Adm. Tamon Yamaguchi
Bontarô Miyake ... Koshirou Oikawa (as Bontaro Miyake)
Ichiro Ryuzaki (as Ichiro Reuzaki)
Asao Uchida ... General Hideki Tojo, Japan Minister of War
George Macready ... Cordell Hull, U.S. Secretary of State
Norman Alden ... Major Truman H. Landon, U.S. Army Air Corps
Walter Brooke ... Captain Theodore Wilkinson
Rick Cooper ... Lieutenant George Welch
June Dayton ... Miss Ray Cave
Kazuko Ichikawa
Hank Jones ... Davey (student pilot in biplane)
Karl Lukas ... Captain on torpedoed ship
Ron Masak ... Lt. Laurence Ruff
Jeff Donnell ... Cornelia
Richard Erdman ... Colonel Edward F. French
Jerry Fogel ... Lt. Commander William Outerbridge
Elven Havard ... Doris Miller
Shunichi Nakamura ... Captain Kameto 'Gandhi' Kuroshima
Kan Nihonyanagi
Carl Reindel ... Lieutenant Kenneth Taylor
Edmon Ryan ... Rear Admiral Patrick N.L. Bellinger
Toshio Hosokawa (as Tosio Hosokawa)
Hisao Toake ... Saburo Kurusu, Japanese Ambassador to Germany
and many, many more...
Writing credits
Larry Forrester (screenplay) &
Hideo Oguni (screenplay) &
Ryuzo Kikushima (screenplay)
Gordon W. Prange (based on "Tora! Tora! Tora!")
Ladislas Farago (based on "The Broken Seal")
Akira Kurosawa (Japanese sequences) uncredited
Produced by
Keinosuke Kubo .... associate producer (Japanese episodes)
Otto Lang .... associate producer (Japanese episodes)
Masayuki Takagi .... associate producer (Japanese episodes)
Elmo Williams .... producer
Darryl F. Zanuck .... executive producer (uncredited)
Original Music
Jerry Goldsmith
Trivia
* The Japanese section of the film was originally to be directed by Akira Kurosawa.
* Actor Jason Robards was actually present at the bombing of Pearl Harbor on the 7th of December, 1941.
* When Japanese characters in the film refer to the date of the attack, they are actually saying "December 8," which is technically correct, as Japan is a day ahead of the U.S.; however, it is translated as "December 7" in the subtitles to avoid confusing U.S. audiences.
* The U.S. Navy's Office of Information was inundated with complaints from U.S. citizens when the military agreed to allow active U.S. servicepersons to participate in the recreation of the attack on Pearl Harbor, which some viewed as glorifying Japanese aggression and showing Americans as unprepared.
* The P-40 crashing in the flight line was an unplanned accident - it was a life-sized mockup powered by a gasoline engine turning the propeller and steered by using the wheel brakes, just like real airplanes, but was specifically designed not to fly. The aircraft shown was loaded with explosives which were to be detonated by radio control at a specific point down the runway. Stunt actors were strategically located and rehearsed in which way to run. However shortly after the plane began taxiing down the runway it did begin to lift off the ground and turn to the left. The left turn would have taken it into a group of other mockups which had also been wired with explosives, but weren't scheduled to be destroyed until later. The explosives in the first P-40 were detonated on the spot in order to keep it from destroying the other planes, so the explosion occurred in a location the stunt men weren't prepared for. When it looks like they were running for their lives, they really were. This special effect was filmed with multiple camera so that it could be reused in other shots in the film, as were all the major special effects.
* The 30+ "Japanese" airplanes flying in the movie are all converted American trainers. No genuine Japanese warbirds were to be found in flying condition at the time. Instead, several American planes had to be rebuilt at a cost of about $30,000 each. They were later sold at auction for $1,500 or so apiece, and most of them are still flying in private hands.
* The P-40's destroyed on the ground are full-scale mock-ups, some remote-controlled to taxi.
* In the movie's opening scenes, Admiral Yamamoto meets his officers aboard a battleship. The ship was a full scale replica, complete from bow to stern, and had even a mock-up floatplane on a catapult. It was built on a beach in Japan, next to the replica of the aircraft-carrier "Akagi." The Akagi set consisted of about two-thirds of the deck and the island area.
* The Japanese aircraft in the film were highly modified American AT-6 and BT-13 trainers. The fighters, "Zeros," were AT-6's, the divebombers, "Vals," were BT-13's, and the torpedo- and levelbombers, "Kates," consisted of AT-6 fronts and wings and BT-13 tails.
* One of the B-17's shown in the film has been fully restored and (as of 2000) is on display at the Yankee Air Force museum in Ypsilanti, MI.
* Many of the replica Japanese aircraft are owned by members of the Confederate Air Force, an organization that specializes in re-enactments and aircraft preservation. They are used every year in the annual CAF air show, where a re-enactment of the Pearl Harbor attack takes place. This has been going on since 1972.
* The "one wheel up" emergency landing by a B-17 was an unplanned accident during filming. The airplane was repaired and went back to forest-fire-bombing duty afterwards.
* Many of the replica Japanese planes were also used in the filming of Midway (1976), The Final Countdown (1980) and Pearl Harbor (2001).
* The USS Yorktown (CVS-10) was disguised as the Japanese carrier Kaga to film scenes of aircraft taking off and landing. It was fitted with a false bow to disguise the catapults. Although it appears as though steam is leaking from the bow, Japanese carriers actually used steam to indicate wind speed and direction over the bow. The steam trail was lined up with the painted white lines on the bow. It was unofficially named "USS Kaga" for the duration of filming. The USS Enterprise seen entering Pearl Harbor at the end of the movie is actually the USS Bon Homme Richard (CVA-31).
* This is believed to be the first major Hollywood production to be distributed on Fujicolor release prints.
* Although numerous active duty US Navy personnel appeared in the movie, they were only allowed by the Navy to work during their off-duty hours, and the production had to pay them as they would any other extras.
* The film was considered a flop when it was released in the United States, but was a huge success in Japan.
* Akira Kurosawa agreed to direct the Japanese part of the film only because he was told that David Lean was to direct the American part. This was a lie, David Lean was never part of the project. When Kurosawa found out about this, he tried to get himself fired from the production - and succeeded.
* Shogo Shimada and Hisao Toake, who played Ambassadors Nomura and Kurusu, were the only cast members to work with both the Japanese and American units. Shimada's English language dialog was looped by Paul Frees.
* Admiral Yamamoto most likely did not utter his famous quote about having "roused a sleeping giant and filled him with a terrible resolve" - it seems to be a post-war invention based on Yamamoto's actual beliefs on the likely outcome of war with the United States and his affinity for the US in general. By contrast, his warning earlier in the about attacking in the USA that begins with "If I am told to fight... I shall run wild for the first six months...” is largely accurate.
* The peak filmed and pointed out by the actors as the site for the new radar antenna, where they were having trouble securing access from local forestry officials, is nowhere near Opana Point. The peak is actually Puu Kanehoalani on Oahu's east coast. It is one of the narrowest and most inaccessible peaks on the island, even for daring mountain climbers.
* The manned radar antenna site depicted as "Opana Point" was actually Koko Head which is just above Oahu's famous Hanauma Bay. This is on the opposite side of the island from the real-life location. Today, it is home to many antennae including the FAA's CKH VORTAC.
* Since the U.S. military presently runs a restricted communications installation at the site, the memorial dedicated to the role of Opana Point in WWII is located down the road, between the hotel lobby and beach of the Turtle Bay Resort.
* The wounded sailor shown firing back at the strafing Japanese planes is based on Chief Ordnanceman John William Finn, stationed at Kaneohe Naval Air Station on 7 December 1941 who set up a .50 caliber machine gun mount and, despite being wounded several times, defiantly fired back at strafing Zero fighters during the second attack wave, hitting several of them and even shooting down one, the combat unit leader Lt. Fusata Iida. Finn was later awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for valor beyond the call of duty.
* Of all the time and money spent by Akira Kurosawa, less than one minute of the film he shot is in the final release version.
* The mockups of the American ships in Pearl Harbor were constructed upon ocean-going barges which were extremely expensive to rent, causing director Richard Fleischer to comment during production, "If the Japanese had attacked us with ocean-going barges, we couldn't afford to make this film!"
* Akira Kurosawa attempted to cast friends and business associates, including some high-level industrialists, in key roles in the film's Japanese segments as a quid-pro-quo for later funding of future films. Twentieth Century Fox was not amused by this, and finally, the breach became the cause for Kurosawa's dismissal from the project.
* The bandana or "hachimaki" Commander Mitsuo Fuchida wore on his flight to Honolulu translates to "Certain Victory". He flew in the lead Nakajima B5N2 bomber with Lt. Mitsuo Matazaki piloting and Norinobu Mizuki navigating.
* Average Shot Length = ~7.1 seconds. Median Shot Length = ~6.9 seconds.
* The civilian pilots hired to fly the Japanese aircraft were a bunch of characters. One, never identified, was taken by a line of stage direction in the script which read, "Watanabe smiles". After each successful shot with the aerial coordinator announced his satisfaction, this pilot would anonymously announce on his aircraft radio, "Watanabe smiles". During the filming of one shot, a civilian general aviation aircraft inadvertently flew into their formation, forcing them to perform emergency evasive maneuvers. The aerial coordinator performed an immediate inventory of flying aircraft, announced his relief that disaster had been avoided. This same unknown pilot this time announced, "Watanabe shits!"
* Contrary to popular belief, the title of this movie means neither 'Surprise! Surprise! Surprise!' nor 'Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!' in Japanese. The phrase actually comes from the first syllables of "Totsugeki" (meaning attack) and "Raigeki" (for "torpedo attack") yielding TO-RA, TO-RA, TO-RA, which incidentally has the same pronunciation as "tiger" repeated thrice.
* The ship used to portray the USS Ward (DD-139), an updated World War I "Flush Deck" destroyer, was the USS Finch (DER-328), a highly modified World War II Edsall class destroyer escort. The Finch bears no resemblance to the Ward.
* The original draft of the combined script contained 657 pages.
* Development of this production started in 1966.
* When a large scale production about the attack on Pearl Harbor was being suggested, it was discovered that Fox had already optioned a book about the subject, Ladislas Farago's "The Broken Seal" upon which much of the script would be based.
* Producer Elmo Williams' goal was to make this film as historically accurate as possible. To this end, after putting together an initial script, he sought out the services of the man regarded as the foremost authority on the attack on Pearl Harbor, Professor Gordon W. Prange. One of Dr. Prange's books, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" had been a huge bestseller in Japan had provided source material, and the title, for this film. Elmo Williams asked Dr. Prange to check the script scene by scene for accuracy. Dr. Prange made numerous corrections and suggestions.
* When Akira Kurosawa was fired from the production, the Japanese sequences were at least three weeks behind schedule. Elmo Williams solved the problem by hiring two Japanese directors, to head two production units, as replacements. Toshio Masuda would handle the dramatic scenes. He had directed approximately 25 features in only a decade. Kinji Fukasaku had experience directing large scale action scenes and scenes involving special effects.
* The African American mess attendant firing the machine gun on the West Virginia was First Class Doris 'Dorie' Miller. He was the first African American to win the Navy Cross, the third highest honor awarded by the US Navy at the time. Without any training he fired the unattended machine gun at the Japanese aircraft until it was out of ammunition. He was portrayed by Oscar-winner Cuba Gooding Jr. in the film Pearl Harbor (2001).
Goofs
* As the bombers fly towards Pearl Harbor they pass over the white cross at Scofield Barracks which was erected in memory of the people that were about to be killed in the raid.
* Many of the US Navy ships visible during the attack on Pearl Harbor were not commissioned until the 1950s and 1960s.
* The angle of the sun is incorrect for the time of day and year. This is especially noticeable on the Japanese strike aircraft flying over Oahu toward Pearl Harbor Naval Station itself.
* When Col. Bratton and Lt. Cmdr. Kramer walk into the Navy cryptography workroom, the Marine sentry at the door is wearing "modified blues" - a khaki shirt and tie with the USMC dress-blue uniform's red-striped blue trousers. The Marine Corps didn't adopt this uniform until after World War II.
* When the captain runs into the building to send the message "This is not a drill," a Pearl Harbor memorial can be seen in the background as he rushes past.
* In the opening scene of Washington D.C., the building on the left is the Museum of American History which was not built until around 1959.
* Early in the attack, one deck officer is shown wearing a "Caravelle" wristwatch with the imprint "Waterproof" on the dial face. Bulova's web site indicates that the Caravelle line of watches was introduced in 1962, some 21 years after the attack.
* When the Ward attacks the Japanese minisub near the entrance to Pearl harbor, the minisub's depth is inconsistent between shots. We see it alternately with its entire sail out of the water, then with just the periscope visible.
* When the Japanese planes are launching from their carrier on the morning of the attack, as the 3rd or 4th plane launches against the morning twilight, the head and camera of a cameraman can be seen silhouetted at the bottom of the screen.
* When Ambassador Nomura is speaking with Secretary Hull, Shogo Shimada's voice is dubbed by Paul Frees. However, when Hull invites Nomura to sit down, you can hear Shimada speak with his own voice and then the dubbing resumes.
* When the first B-17 is being chased by the Japanese fighter, only one wheel is down. In the next shot both wheels are down and in the shot where the plane finally lands only one wheel is down.
* When the Japanese aircraft are taking off from the carriers to bomb Pearl Harbor, several of the aircraft that would have carried a crew of two or three (representing Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and Aichi D3A dive bombers) are seen with a pilot and without the other crewmembers (gunner, radio operator, etc)
* The full-scale replica of USS Nevada seen throughout movie has too many 14-inch guns. USS Nevada and USS Oklahoma had 10 14-inch guns (2 3-gun turrets and 2 2-gun turrets, with one of each type turret fore and aft). The full-scale Nevada has 12 14-inch guns as found on later USS Arizona and USS Pennsylvania. The miniature models of Nevada and Oklahoma used in the Battleship Row sequences have the correct number and layout of 14-inch guns.
* When USS Ward commences attack on Japanese midget sub, sub is shown with piece of conning tower missing before Ward hits it with gunfire. As sub is diving after being hit, conning tower is intact.
* Incoming Japanese planes fly over a modern microwave tower on a ridge on Oahu.
* When the band is playing the "Star Spangled Banner" as the attack begins, the audio and video are out of sync at the end. Also, the band appears to have played the song twice.
* As Cordell Hull is getting word of the attack over the phone in his office, he's holding the receiver against his cheek, not his ear.
* The Japanese aircraft are shown with the national insignia having a white outline around the red "sun". The white outline was not used until 1943.
* In the shot of the B-17s being towed, the plane has the Cheyenne tail turret. This wasn't introduced until the G-model, which didn't enter service until 1943. At the time of the attack, the E-model was just beginning to enter service.
* The underwater shot of the minisub shows it being very closely trailed by a ship. The following establishing shot shows the minisub behind a ship, with a tow target behind the minisub.
* When Lt. General Walter C. Short visits the control tower, the officer meeting him as he enters has his hat on, salutes and call the tower to attention. This officer should not have had his cap on indoors and should not have saluted. Soldiers only salute indoors when reporting to a superior officer. Only armed soldiers are permitted to keep their caps on indoors.
* When the Ward fires it's number one mount, a gun control radar antenna mounted right above the gun can plainly be seen. Which is not surprising since the ship used for the Ward is a World War II destroyer escort which has no resemblance whatsoever to the USS Ward.
* In a scene where Yamamuro is discussing the attack of Pearl Harbor, the bars on his uniform were like the American commanders uniforms. Japanese Commanders wore round medals instead of bars.
* On the USS Ward, her commanding officer is wearing the gold oak leaf insignia of a lieutenant commander. Her actual commanding officer, W. W. Outerbridge, was only a lieutenant, one grade below what is shown, on the day of the attack. This was reinforced by captain Earle's comment that the skipper was "just a green kid."
* Two P-40 pilots who managed to get airborne are shown in dogfights. When their cockpits are shown in close-up, there is no plexiglass.
* When the U.S. Capitol is shown the morning of December 7, 1941 wooded braces were in place for reconstructing the columns of the entrance. This did not take place until 1969, about the time the movie was filmed.
* E.G. Marshall (Colonel Bratton) and many other officers and soldiers are wearing black neckties. During this time frame they should have been wearing khaki neckties. Keith Andes (General Marshall Chief of Staff of the Army) and many other officers and soldiers are wearing khaki neckties.
* The B-17's used in the movie are F and G models. The B-17D was the current model in 1941.
* When the American flag is being raised just before the attack, the bugler blows the correct call. However, anyone who raises flags in the military knows that the flag must reach the top of the pole before the bugler finishes. In this scene the flag reaches the top after the bugler has stopped, and the band has started the Stars Spangled Banner. Flags are raised very quickly and lowered slowly.
* Jeff Donnell was almost 50 when she portrayed "Cornelia," the civilian flight instructor who was conducting a lesson when her plane was surrounded by the first wave of Japanese bombers. The real Cornelia Fort was only 22 on that fateful morning.
* The P40s being destroyed clearly show tubular steel framework construction. Actual aircraft had stressed skin construction.
Filming Locations
20th Century Fox Studios - 10201 Pico Blvd., Century City, Los Angeles, California, USA
(studio)
Ashiya, Japan
Honolulu, O'ahu, Hawaii, USA
Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima, Japan
Kyushu, Japan
Malibu Creek State Park - 1925 Las Virgenes Road, Calabasas, California, USA
Osaka, Japan
Pearl Harbor, O`ahu, Hawaii, USA
San Diego, California, USA
Shochiku Studios, Kyoto, Japan
(studio)
Toei-Kyoto Studios, Kyoto, Japan
(studio)
Tokyo, Japan
Washington, District of Columbia, USA